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- Video Mode Selection Support 2.9
- (c) 1995, 1996 Martin Mares, <mj@k332.feld.cvut.cz>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- 1. Intro
- ~~~~~~~~
- This small document describes the "Video Mode Selection" feature which
- allows to use various special video modes supported by the video BIOS. Due
- to usage of the BIOS, the selection is limited to the boot time (before the
- kernel decompression starts and works only on 80X86 machines.
-
- IF YOU USE THIS FEATURE, I'LL BE MUCH PLEASED IF YOU SEND ME A MAIL
- DESCRIBING YOUR EXPERIENCE WITH IT. BUG REPORTS ARE ALSO WELCOME.
-
- The video mode to be used is selected by a kernel parameter which can be
- specified in the kernel Makefile (the SVGA_MODE=... line) or by the "vga=..."
- option of LILO or by the "vidmode" utility (present in standard Linux utility
- packages). You can use the following settings of this parameter:
-
- NORMAL_VGA - Standard 80x25 mode available on all display adapters.
-
- EXTENDED_VGA - Standard 8-pixel font mode: 80x43 on EGA, 80x50 on VGA.
-
- ASK_VGA - Display a video mode menu upon startup (see below).
-
- 0..35 - Menu item number (when you have used the menu to view the list of
- modes available on your adapter, you can specify the menu item you want
- to use). 0..9 correspond to "0".."9", 10..35 to "a".."z". Warning: the
- mode list displayed may vary as the kernel version changes, because the
- modes are listed in a "first detected -- first displayed" manner. It's
- better to use absolute mode numbers instead.
-
- 0x.... - Hexadecimal video mode ID (also displayed on the menu, see below
- for exact meaning of the ID). Warning: rdev and LILO don't support
- hexadecimal numbers -- you have to convert it to decimal manually.
-
- 2. Menu
- ~~~~~~~
- The ASK_VGA mode causes the kernel to offer a video mode menu upon
- bootup. It displays a "Press <RETURN> to see video modes available, <SPACE>
- to continue or wait 30 secs" message. If you press <RETURN>, you enter the
- menu, if you press <SPACE> or wait 30 seconds, the kernel will boot up with
- the standard 80x25 mode set.
-
- The menu looks like:
-
- Video adapter: <name-of-detected-video-adapter>
- Mode: COLSxROWS:
- 0 0F00 80x25
- 1 0F01 80x50
- 2 0F02 80x43
- 3 0F03 80x26
- ....
- Enter mode number: <flashing-cursor-here>
-
- <name-of-detected-video-adapter> should contain a name of your video adapter
- or the chip in it or at least whether it's an EGA or VGA or VESA VGA (VGA with
- a VESA-compliant BIOS in it). If it doesn't match your configuration, tell me
- and I'll try to fix it somehow (you know, hardware detection is a real pain
- on PC's).
-
- "0 0F00 80x25" tells that the first menu item (the menu items are numbered
- from "0" to "9" and from "a" to "z") is a 80x25 mode with ID=0x0f00 (see the
- next section for a description of the mode ID's).
-
- <flashing-cursor-here> encourages you to write the item number or mode ID
- you wish to set and press <RETURN>. If the computer complains something about
- "Unknown mode ID", it tries to explain you that it isn't possible to set such
- a mode. It's also possible to press only <RETURN> which forces the current
- mode to be used.
-
- The mode list may be a bit inaccurate on your machine (it isn't possible
- to autodetect all existing video cards and their mutations). Some of the
- modes may be unsettable, some of them might work incorrectly with Linux
- (the common case is mirroring of first few lines at the bottom of the screen
- because of BIOS bugs) or there can exist modes which are not displayed. If
- you think the list doesn't match your configuration, let me know and I'll try
- to add your configuration to the next version of the mode selector.
-
- The modes displayed on the menu are partially sorted: The list starts with
- the standard modes (80x25 and 80x50) followed by "special" modes (80x28 and
- 80x43), local modes (if the local modes feature is enabled), VESA modes and
- finally SVGA modes for the auto-detected adapter.
-
- If you enter "scan" instead of item number / mode ID, the program will try
- to scan your video modes in a slightly aggressive, but much more accurate way.
- This should reveal all video modes supported by your BIOS. During this process,
- the screen will flash wildly and strange things will appear. If you are afraid
- this could damage your monitor, don't use this functions. After scanning, the
- mode ordering is a bit different: the auto-detected SVGA modes are not listed
- at all and the modes revealed by the scan are shown before the VESA modes.
-
- 3. Mode ID's
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Because of the complexity of all the video stuff, the video mode ID's
- used here are also a bit complex. A video mode ID is a 16-bit number usually
- expressed in a hexadecimal notation (starting with "0x"). The ID numbers
- can be divided to three regions:
-
- 0x0000 to 0x00ff - menu item references. 0x0000 is the first item.
-
- 0x0100 to 0x017f - standard BIOS modes. The ID is a BIOS video mode number
- (as presented to INT 10, function 00) increased by 0x0100. You can
- use any mode numbers even if not shown on the menu.
-
- 0x0200 to 0x08ff - VESA BIOS modes. The ID is a VESA mode ID increased by
- 0x0100. All VESA modes should be autodetected and shown on the menu.
-
- 0x0900 to 0x09ff - Video7 special modes. Set by calling INT 0x10, AX=0x6f05.
-
- 0x0f00 to 0x0fff - special modes (they are set by various tricks -- usually
- by modifying one of the standard modes). Currently available:
- 0x0f00 standard 80x25, don't reset mode if already set (=FFFF)
- 0x0f01 standard with 8-point font: 80x43 on EGA, 80x50 on VGA
- 0x0f02 VGA 80x43 (VGA switched to 350 scanlines with a 8-point font)
- 0x0f03 VGA 80x28 (standard VGA scans, but 14-point font)
- 0x0f04 leave current video mode
- 0x0f05 VGA 80x30 (480 scans, 16-point font)
- 0x0f06 VGA 80x34 (480 scans, 14-point font)
- 0x0f07 VGA 80x60 (480 scans, 8-point font)
-
- 0x1000 to 0x7fff - modes specified by resolution. The code has a "0xRRCC"
- form where RR is a number of rows and CC is a number of columns.
- E.g., 0x1950 corresponds to a 80x25 mode, 0x2b84 to 132x43 etc.
- This is the only fully portable way to refer to a non-standard mode.
-
- 0xff00 to 0xffff - aliases for backward compatibility:
- 0xffff equivalent to 0x0f00 (standard 80x25)
- 0xfffe equivalent to 0x0f01 (EGA 80x43 or VGA 80x50)
-
- If you add 0x8000 to the mode ID, the program will try to recalculate
- vertical display timing according to mode parameters, which can be used to
- eliminate some annoying bugs of certain VGA BIOS'es -- mainly extra lines at
- the end of the display.
-
- 4. Options
- ~~~~~~~~~~
- Some options can be set in the source text (in arch/i386/boot/video.S).
- All of them are simple #define's -- change them to #undef's when you want to
- switch them off. Currently supported:
-
- CONFIG_VIDEO_SVGA - enables autodetection of SVGA cards. If your card is
- detected incorrectly, you can switch this off.
-
- CONFIG_VIDEO_VESA - enables autodetection of VESA modes. If it doesn't work
- on your machine (or displays a "Error: Scanning of VESA modes failed" message),
- you can switch it off and report as a bug.
-
- CONFIG_VIDEO_COMPACT - enables compacting of the video mode list. Duplicate
- entries (those with the same screen size) are deleted except for the first one
- (see the previous section for more information on mode ordering). However,
- it's possible that the first variant doesn't work, while some of the others do
- -- in this case turn this switch off to see the rest.
-
- CONFIG_VIDEO_RETAIN - enables retaining of screen contents when switching
- video modes. Works only with some boot loaders which leave enough room for the
- buffer.
-
- CONFIG_VIDEO_LOCAL - enables inclusion of "local modes" in the list. The
- local modes are added automatically to the beginning of the list not depending
- by hardware configuration. The local modes are listed in the source text after
- the "local_mode_table:" line. The comment before this line describes the format
- of the table (which also includes a video card name to be displayed on the
- top of the menu).
-
- 5. Adding more cards
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- If you have a card not detected by the driver and you are a good programmer,
- feel free to add it to the source and send me a diff. It's very simple: You
- have to add a new entry to the svga_table consisting of a pointer to your mode
- table and a pointer to your detection routine. The order of entries in the
- svga_table defines the order of probing. Please use only reliable detection
- routines which are known to identify _only_ the card in question.
-
- The detection routine is called with BP pointing to your mode table and
- ES containing 0xc000. If you want, you may alter BP allowing to select an
- appropriate mode table according to model ID detected. If the detection fails,
- return BP=0.
-
- The mode table consists of lines containing a (BIOS mode number, rows,
- columns) triple and is finished by single zero byte followed by NUL-terminated
- adapter name.
-
- 6. Still doesn't work?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- When the mode detection doesn't work (e.g., the mode list is incorrect or
- the machine hangs instead of displaying the menu), try to switch off some of
- the configuration options listed in section 4. If it fails, you can still use
- your kernel with the video mode set directly via the kernel parameter.
-
- In either case, please send me a bug report containing what _exactly_
- happens and how do the configuration switches affect the behaviour of the bug.
-
- If you start Linux from the M$-DOS, you might also use some DOS tools for
- video mode setting. In this case, you must specify the 0x0f04 mode ("leave
- current settings") to Linux, because if you use anything other, the 80x25
- mode will be used automatically.
-
- If you set some SVGA mode and there's one or more extra lines on the
- bottom of the display containing already scrolled-out lines, your VGA BIOS
- contains the most common video BIOS bug called "incorrect vertical display
- end setting". Adding 0x8000 to the mode ID might fix the problem. Unfortunately,
- this must be done manually -- no autodetection mechanisms are available.
-
- 7. History
- ~~~~~~~~~~
- 1.0 (??-Nov-95) First version supporting all adapters supported by the old
- setup.S + Cirrus Logic 54XX. Present in some 1.3.4? kernels
- and then removed due to instability on some machines.
- 2.0 (28-Jan-96) Rewritten from scratch. Cirrus Logic 64XX support added, almost
- everything is configurable, the VESA support should be much more
- stable, explicit mode numbering allowed, "scan" implemented etc.
- 2.1 (30-Jan-96) VESA modes moved to 0x200-0x3ff. Mode selection by resolution
- supported. Few bugs fixed. VESA modes are listed prior to
- modes supplied by SVGA autodetection as they are more reliable.
- CLGD autodetect works better. Doesn't depend on 80x25 being
- active when started. Scanning fixed. 80x43 (any VGA) added.
- Code cleaned up.
- 2.2 (01-Feb-96) EGA 80x43 fixed. VESA extended to 0x200-0x4ff (non-standard 02XX
- VESA modes work now). Display end bug workaround supported.
- Special modes renumbered to allow adding of the "recalculate"
- flag, 0xffff and 0xfffe became aliases instead of real ID's.
- Screen contents retained during mode changes.
- 2.3 (15-Mar-96) Changed to work with 1.3.74 kernel.
- 2.4 (18-Mar-96) Added patches by Hans Lermen fixing a memory overwrite problem
- with some boot loaders. Memory management rewritten to reflect
- these changes. Unfortunately, screen contents retaining works
- only with some loaders now.
- Added a Tseng 132x60 mode.
- 2.5 (19-Mar-96) Fixed a VESA mode scanning bug introduced in 2.4.
- 2.6 (25-Mar-96) Some VESA BIOS errors not reported -- it fixes error reports on
- several cards with broken VESA code (e.g., ATI VGA).
- 2.7 (09-Apr-96) - Accepted all VESA modes in range 0x100 to 0x7ff, because some
- cards use very strange mode numbers.
- - Added Realtek VGA modes (thanks to Gonzalo Tornaria).
- - Hardware testing order slightly changed, tests based on ROM
- contents done as first.
- - Added support for special Video7 mode switching functions
- (thanks to Tom Vander Aa).
- - Added 480-scanline modes (especially useful for notebooks,
- original version written by hhanemaa@cs.ruu.nl, patched by
- Jeff Chua, rewritten by me).
- - Screen store/restore fixed.
- 2.8 (14-Apr-96) - Previous release was not compilable without CONFIG_VIDEO_SVGA.
- - Better recognition of text modes during mode scan.
- 2.9 (12-May-96) - Ignored VESA modes 0x80 - 0xff (more VESA BIOS bugs!)
-